Student:  The Airways are connected to the Pulmonary Stretch Receptors that are connected to the Vagal Nerves. Then they are connected to what next? Professor:  Before we get to the your intriguing question, let’s consider all the ‘inputs’: Airway smooth muscle Diaphragm skeletal muscle Chest wall skeletal muscle Lung airways and tissue Shown below are […]

Student: Is the “Clustering of Dyspnea Symptoms” done statistically or phenomenologically? Professor: Both! According to Lansing, Gracely, and Banzett (2009), “There are at least three separable ‘qualities’ of uncomfortable breathing sensations”: ‘Work’, ‘Air hunger’, and ‘Tightness’. “The division into different kinds of sensation classification is not based on perceptual quality alone. To be classed as […]

Student: A lot of dust on this Dyspnea diagram. Where did you get it? Professor: The schematic diagram I got from a very old backup disk of manuscripts written in the early 1990s. Notice that the diagram is an attempt to place uncomfortable subjective qualities, i.e., symptoms, for breathing into a hierarchy as shown below: […]

Student: Mile high Denver! You were there from 1968 to 1981. Professor: Yes, I was assigned to the Nut Lab, that is, to the US Army Medical and Nutrition Laboratory. That’s near where Eisenhower went and did his cardiac rehabilitation. From: http://www.endurance-education.com/